Wednesday, May 25, 2016

THE IMPACT OF MICROFINANCE BANK IN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF NIGERIA (A CASE STUDY OF LAPO MICRO FINANCE BANK, BENIN CITY)



ABSTRACT
The objective of this research work is to analyze the impact of microfinance bank in revamping and enhancing the economic growth and development of Nigeria. It the bid to arrive at the objectives of this research work, the work will be sub-divided into five chapter, the first chapter by way of introduction will captured the concept of microfinance bank stating the hypothesis and defining the terms and key concepts used in this research work. The second chapter will conceptualize the concept of microfinance bank, stating the importance of microfinance in contributing to entrepreneurship development in Nigeria. It also stated the challenges facing microfinance back in Nigeria. The third chapter was the methodology in which the statistical tools used in the analysis of data was stated. The presentation and analysis of the primary data was carried out in the fourth chapter while the fifth chapter draws the findings of the research work, the summary, conclusion and recommendation of the research work
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
It would be observed that, despite the presumed developments in the Nigerian economy, the country is still largely being regarded as a developing country (Onyema, 2006). More so, its industrial growth is not quite impressive.
Before the emergence of formal microfinance institutions, informal microfinance activities flourished all over the country. Traditionally, microfinance in Nigeria entails traditional informal practices such as local money lending, rotating credit and savings practices, credit from friends and relatives, government owned institutional arrangements, poverty reduction programmes etc (Lemo, 2006). The Central Bank of Nigeria Survey in 2001 indicated that the operations of former microfinance institutions in Nigeria are relatively new, as most of them never registered after 1981.
Before now, commercial banks traditionally lend to medium and large enterprises which are judged to be credit-worthy. They avoided doing business with the poor and their micro enterprises because the associated cost and risks are considered to be relatively high (Anyanwu, 2004).
The Federal and State governments have recognized that for sustainable growth and development, the financial empowerment of the rural areas is vital, being the repository of the predominantly poor in society and in particular the SMEs. If this growth strategy is adopted and the latent entrepreneurial capabilities of this large segment of the people is sufficiently stimulated and sustained, then positive multipliers will be felt throughout the economy. To give effect to these aspirations various policies have been instituted over time by the Federal Government to improve rural enterprise production capabilities. (Olaitan 2006)
In view of this, the impact of micro finance bank in economic growth and development of Nigeria started showcasing itself. With the initiative of microfinance, rural areas are opportune to grow and develop as loan and fund are easily given to rural farmers and entrepreneur. Jobs opportunities were created since there is avenue for lending and investing.
1.2     STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS
There are so many problems and challenges that hinders the functionality of the microfinance bank in carrying out their major role of improving economic growth and development in Nigeria.
These problems include
-         poor attitude of Nigerians towards MFBs
-         insufficient support from the regulators and government
-         There are communication gaps and inadequate awareness among the masses.
-         Undue competition rather than cooperation from the mega banks, and undue malpractice/Sharp practices by microfinance bank operation.
The researcher will in the research find possible ways of solving or making better the conditions for the operation of MFBs.
1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
The mains objectives of this research work are to investigate the impact of micro finance bank in economic growth and development of Nigeria.
Other objectives are as fellows
i. it will explicate in detail ways in which micro finance banks can contribute in developing rural areas and improving the life of the poor people.
ii. It will investigate the ways microfinance bank can contribute in building entrepreneurship within the country.
1.4            RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1.     Does microfinance bank help in the development of rural areas and improve the live of the poor people?
2.     To what extent has microfinance bank assist in the eradication of poverty in the country?
3.     Do microfinance bank contribute to entrepreneurial development?
4.     Has microfinance bank reduce the rate of unemployment in the country?
5.     Has microfinance bank made significant contribution to the development of Nigerian economy?
1.5            SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
This study is essentially significant in that it is directed towards evaluating the impact and role that micro finance banks have on the economic growth and development of Nigeria, especially the rural areas which is a criteria aimed at measuring economic standard.
Owing to the fact that researcher has aimed at pinpointing the ways in which micro finance bank can help in the revamping of the nation’s economy, the findings of this research work will be of great help to most developing countries who may wish to toe the part of Nigeria in MFB development.
It will also serve as a reference point for future researchers who in one way or the other will try to unveil the role and impact of micro finance bank to economic development.
1.6            SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The scope of the study is subjected around the frame work of microfinance bank in Nigeria vis-à-vis its contribution to the economic growth and development.
For accuracy and coherency, the research work will take as a case study of the Lapo Micro Finance Bank, Benin City to enable precision and distinctiveness.
1.7            LIMITATION OF THE STUDY
 During the course of this research, a lot of obstacles were encountered.
Thus, the uncoperation of most people working in the library and other offices where the researcher needed to get materials posed great problem to the researcher. Some of the staffs do not feel safe letting us have access to some materials while others will charge me more than double cost of Photostat before I can get what I wanted.
Financial constraint is another limitation to this work which is as a result of high cost of transportation fare to the areas of study to gather data, combined with the cost of materials to carry this work to conclusive end.
It also took great strength to convince the respondents that their responses to the questions in the questionnaire will be treated with great confidentiality and are purely academic.
1.8     DEFINITION OF TERMS
MICROFINANCE BANK
According to the Nigerian Banking Act, 1969 (as amended Bank amendment act 1979), Microfinance banks are institutions constructed as a company licensed to carry on the business of providing microfinance services such as collection of savings, loans provision, insurance money transfer services and other non financial services that are needed by the poor.
BANK
A bank is a financial intermediary that accepts deposits and channels those deposits into lending activities, either directly by loaning or indirectly through capital markets.
ECONOMIC GROWTH
Economic growth is the increase in the market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time.
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Economic development is the sustained, concerted actions of policy makers and communities that promote the standard of living and economic health of a specific area. Economic development can also be referred to as the quantitative and qualitative changes in the economy.


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